The History of Perfusion
1800 - 1970

. . . as told through the lives
of the pioneers that made it happen

The progress of the development of perfusion as a clinical service throughout the world
is not just the evolution of technology and product development.
It is a progression of the human and personal evolvement of individuals,
and their dedicated efforts to make the impossible, possible.

Throughout the relatively short history of perfusion there have been many courageous and intelligent individuals that worked diligently to make perfusion the reality that we accept as a clinical practice today.

The most enlightening method of telling the history of the development of the equipment, technology, and procedures of the present is to examine not only how this technology developed, but to look at the lives and experiences of the individuals
that made the technology possible.

Through this developing archive of The American Academy of Cardiovascular Perfusion Internet Services, we will examine the contributions of individuals that had a profound impact on the development of not only the perfusion equipment, but the procedures and practices, as well as the ethos of our thinking,
that we commonly practice today.

Enjoy and learn from the past,

. . . so that you may contribute to the future.

1800	La Gallois 1813 Kay 1828 Ludwig & Schmidt 1868 von Schroder 1882 von Frey & Gruber 1885 Jacobj 1895	Concept of Artificial Circulation Re-perfusion External Arterial Infusion Bubble Oxygenation Pump & Film Oxygenator Cross Circulation Research
1900	Alexis Carrel 1902-1935	Vascular Suture Techniques Aortocoronary Grafts Heart Transplantation First U.S. Pump Oxygenator
1910
1920
1930	Gibbon 1937	Concept of Pump Oxygenator Support for Heart Surgery
1940	Willem J. Kolff 1945-1955 Charles Hufnagel 1946-1952	First Clinical Renal Dialysis Clinical Membrane Oxygenator Artificial Heart First Aortic Valve Prosthesis
1950	Andreasen & Watson 1952 Lillehei 1957	Azygos Flow Principle Clinical Use of Azygos Flow for Surgery
1960	Richard N. Sarns 1958 - 1995	Pioneering Biomedical Engineer
1970